The law, in principle, bars organizations that possess or handle personal information from providing it to third parties without the consent of the people concerned. But for various reasons — misunderstandings of the law, an overly cautious attitude or a desire to use the law to censor information — it has become extremely difficult to obtain personal data for relevant social reasons.

For example, the police often refuse to disclose the names of crime victims to the media, making it hard for the media to ascertain the accuracy of police allegations. Sometimes government ministries withhold the names of people who have passed state qualifying examinations and the career records of high-ranking bureaucrats. After the April 25, 2005, West Japan Railway accident in Amagasaki, Hyogo Prefecture, which killed 107 people and injured 562 others, hospitals refused to answer inquiries from people who contacted them to check if their relatives or friends might have been hospitalized.